Inwazyjna choroba pneumokokowa u mieszkańców Bielska-Białej i okolic w latach 2007-2016
[Invasive pneumococcal disease in the inhabitants of Bielsko-Biała and the surrounding area in the period 2007-2016]

STRESZCZENIE

Choroba pneumokokowa wywoływana przez Streptococcus pneumoniae, stanowi istotny problem zdrowia publicznego pod względem epidemiologicznym, klinicznym i leczniczym. Zwalczanie i zapobieganie zakażeniom pneumokokowym powinno być priorytetowym działaniem w walce z chorobami zakaźnymi. Celem pracy była analiza przypadków zachorowań wywołanych przez S. pneumoniae na terenie powiatu bielskiego i miasta Bielska-Białej w latach 2007-2016.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of mortality in the world. It causes general and local infections. The most exposed are young children and elderly people. The aim of the study was the analysis of the occurrence of infections caused by S. pneumoniae among the inhabitants of the district of Bielsko-Biała and the city of Bielsko-Biała in 2007-2016, including the number of cases and deaths of inhabitants in particular age groups and assessment of the type of clinical infections.

Material and Methods: The analysis of the occurrence of pneumococcal disease was based on the data collected by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Station in Bielsko-Biala.

Results: In the analyzed period, 99 cases of confirmed infection caused by S.pneumoniae were reported. It was the most common in children up to 4 years old and adults aged 50 years and over. The first symptoms of the disease appeared in the months of March and November. The pneumonia with sepsis, sepsis and meningitis dominated among the medical sings of the pneumococcal disease. 30 people died, including 2 people aged 4 years and 28 people aged 32-94 years. The most common cause of death was pneumonia with sepsis.

Conclusions: Within the ten-year period 2007-2016, the number of confirmed cases of disease caused by S. pneumoniae in Bielsko-Biała and its surroundings increased significantly. The pneumococcal disease may affect people of all ages; however, the special risk group includes children up to 4 years old and people aged 30 years and over. People over 50 are particularly at risk of undergoing unfavourable course of infection that can result in death. Infections of S. pneumoniae are seasonal and they occur most often in the autumn and winter, as well as infections caused by the influenza virus.

Key words: Streptoccocus pneumoniae, pneumococcal disease, epidemiology